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Equation 11 · Part 1 · Locality Is the Whole Game: The Memory Hierarchy and What a Kernel Does Not Read

Symbol N^3

2N32N^3
N3N^3

What this part means

N3N^3 is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.

Its job in the formula

N3N^3 is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.

The passage around this formula

Matrix multiplication is the canonical demonstration because it has enormous latent reuse and a naive schedule that throws almost all of it away. Multiplying two N ×\times N matrices performs about 2N3N^3 operations on 3N2N^2 words — an intensity proportional to N , which for large N is spectacularly compute-bound in principle. Executed as three nested loops in the obvious order, though, each element of one input is re-read from main memory on every pass, and the realised intensity collapses toward a small constant. The available reuse and the exploited reuse are different quantities, and only the second appears in the roofline.

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Learn the underlying idea

An exponent tells how a base is used in multiplication. In x³, x is the base and 3 is the exponent: x³ = x × x × x.

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