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Equation 10 · Part 1 · Locality Is the Whole Game: The Memory Hierarchy and What a Kernel Does Not Read

Symbol N

N×NN \times N
NN

What this part means

spectacularly compute-bound in principle.

Its job in the formula

N is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.

Where the article explains it

Multiplying two N ×\times N matrices performs about 2N3N^3 operations on 3N2N^2 words — an intensity proportional to N , which for large N is spectacularly compute-bound in principle.

The passage around this formula

Matrix multiplication is the canonical demonstration because it has enormous latent reuse and a naive schedule that throws almost all of it away. Multiplying two N ×\times N matrices performs about 2N3N^3 operations on 3N2N^2 words — an intensity proportional to N , which for large N is spectacularly compute-bound in principle. Executed as three nested loops in the obvious order, though, each element of one input is re-read from main memory on every pass, and the realised intensity collapses toward a small constant. The available reuse and the exploited reuse are different quantities, and only the second appears in the roofline.

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Learn the underlying idea

A variable is a named place for a value. Its letter is a local label: x can mean position in one formula and a data point in another.

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The article lists its research sources here.