Equation 1 · Locality Is the Whole Game: The Memory Hierarchy and What a Kernel Does Not Read
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The quantity that decides which of these limits binds is arithmetic intensity : the number of arithmetic operations a kernel performs per byte it moves across a given level. Williams, Waterman and Patterson formalised the consequence as the roofline model, which relates attainable floating-point performance to operational intensity and memory bandwidth in a single visual bound [ 5 ] . Written as an inequality, attainable performance P satisfies
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