Symbol R

The passage around this formula

For AI, task exposure depends on more than whether a model can produce an answer. Let the economically automatable share of a task family be represented schematically as $A = C \times R \times I \times G$. where C is technical capability, R is reliability at the required horizon, I is integration into real workflows, and G is governance permission. A high benchmark score with poor integration yields little automation. Strong capability and integration with unacceptable liability may be confined to decision support. Conversely, modest models can transform work when outputs are cheap to verify and errors are reversible.

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