subtraction

The passage around this formula

This gives an epistemic version of the cumulative-culture recurrence. Let $K_t$ be decision-relevant knowledge rather than stored content: $K_{t+1}=K_t + V_t - E_t - O_t$. where $V_t$ is validated contribution, $E_t$ is undetected error, and $O_t$ is obsolescence. Increasing generation raises $V_t$ only if validation capacity scales; otherwise it can raise $E_t$ faster. AI policy focused exclusively on model output neglects the institutions that transform output into warranted action.

Read this part in the article →