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Equation 1 · Human Evolution Did Not Stop, and Medicine Is Now Steering It

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It is worth working through what that channel can and cannot do to a population’s allele frequencies, because the arithmetic is genuinely calculable and genuinely modest. Consider a recessive disease allele at population frequency q , and suppose that in some fraction of pregnancies where both parents are identified carriers, embryo testing prevents the birth of an affected (homozygous) child while parents still have the same number of children overall, drawn from the surviving unaffected and carrier embryos. The standard discrete-generation recursion for selection with coefficient s against a fully recessive genotype is:

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