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Equation 11 · How to Evaluate Codex Beyond SWE-bench and Vendor Scores

What does this equation mean?

logit⁡(pir)=α+ur+β⊤xir,ur∼N(0,σr2),\operatorname{logit}(p_{ir})=\alpha+u_r+\beta^\top x_{ir}, \qquad u_r\sim\mathcal N(0,\sigma_r^2),

Read the formula alongside the article passage below. Each part has a deeper page with its role in the equation, the supporting passage and nearby citations.

Inputs and operationsα+u_r+β^top x_ir, qquad u_rsimmathcal N(0,sigma_r^2)
Result or conditionlogit(p_ir)
How to read the two sides of this formula. Follow the article passage for the meaning of each quantity.

This equation states an equality: the expressions on both sides have the same value under the article’s assumptions. Read the equation part by part below; each part has a contextual explanation and a link to its mathematical background.

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pirp_{ir}

Symbol p_ir

pip_ir is an argument of the function-like quantity on the left; its role is set by that function’s stated inputs.

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α\alpha

Symbol α

α is one of the signed contributions combined to compute the quantity on the left.

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uru_r

Symbol u_r

uru_r is one of the signed contributions combined to compute the quantity on the left.

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β⊤\beta^\top

Symbol β^top

β^top is one of the signed contributions combined to compute the quantity on the left.

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xirx_{ir}

Symbol x_ir

xix_ir is one of the signed contributions combined to compute the quantity on the left.

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NN

Symbol N

N is one of the signed contributions combined to compute the quantity on the left.

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σr2\sigma_r^2

Symbol sigma_r^2

sigmar2a_r^2 is one of the signed contributions combined to compute the quantity on the left.

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=

=

The expressions on both sides represent the same quantity under the stated assumptions.

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addition

addition

Add the term after the plus sign to the term or group before it.

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subscript

subscript

The lower label selects a particular version, component, or indexed member of the quantity. For example, x₀ and xₜ can be values at different positions.

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superscript

superscript

A raised number can be a power. When it is a label or bound, it selects a case or the upper limit of a sum; the formula’s structure distinguishes these uses.

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How to interpret it

Read it with the definitions, units, and assumptions supplied by the article.

What the article says around this equation

A hierarchical model can represent repository effects: logit⁡(pir)=α+ur+β⊤xir,ur∼N(0,σr2)\operatorname{logit}(p_{ir})=\alpha+u_r+\beta^\top x_{ir}, \qquad u_r\sim\mathcal N(0,\sigma_r^2). where r indexes repositories and xirx_{ir} task characteristics. The estimate can then expose between-repository variance rather than hiding it inside a global mean. Bootstrap intervals should resample at relevant task-family or repository levels when generalization across those units is the target.

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