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Equation 2 · Part 1 · How Demography, Migration, and Urban Futures Actually Work

Symbol t

tt
tt

What this part means

the time or time index used in this relationship.

Its job in the formula

t is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.

Where the article explains it

Formally, for an age group a in year t : Pa+1,t+1P_{a+1,t+1} = Pa,tP_{a,t}\, Sa,tS_{a,t} + Ma,tM_{a,t} where Pa,tP_{a,t} is the population in age group a at time t , Sa,tS_{a,t} is the survival rate applied to that cohort, and Ma,tM_{a,t} is net migration entering or leaving that age group during the interval.

The passage around this formula

The UN Population Division builds its projections using the cohort-component method : rather than extrapolating total population, it starts from the population by single year of age and sex in a base year, and ages every cohort forward one year at a time by applying age-specific and sex-specific survival probabilities (mortality), age-specific fertility rates applied to women of reproductive age (which generates the next year’s births), and net international migration assumptions applied by age [ 1 ] . Formally, for an age group a in year t :

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Learn the underlying idea

A variable is a named place for a value. Its letter is a local label: x can mean position in one formula and a data point in another.

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Sources cited in the surrounding passage

These citations provide research context; check each source for the exact claim it supports.