← Back to article

Equation 5 · How AI and Cybersecurity Actually Work

What does this equation mean?

pp

Read the formula alongside the article passage below. Each part has a deeper page with its role in the equation, the supporting passage and nearby citations.

the when. Read the equation part by part below; each part has a contextual explanation and a link to its mathematical background.

Read it piece by piece

pp

Symbol p

the when.

Understand this part →

How to interpret it

Read this expression with the definitions, units, and assumptions supplied by the article.

What the article says around this equation

When p is small, which it almost always is for genuine, successful misuse against a well-defended system, precision collapses toward zero even for a detector with a very low false-positive rate, simply because the pool of benign traffic the false-positive rate applies to is so much larger than the pool of real events. Why this is worth stating formally rather than just asserting “false positives are a problem” : it shows that a headline detection accuracy figure (say, 99% true-positive rate) is close to meaningless on its own without the base rate and the false-positive rate reported alongside it, and it is exactly the kind of quantity a vendor claim can omit while still being technically…
Read the full surrounding passage
When p is small, which it almost always is for genuine, successful misuse against a well-defended system, precision collapses toward zero even for a detector with a very low false-positive rate, simply because the pool of benign traffic the false-positive rate applies to is so much larger than the pool of real events. Why this is worth stating formally rather than just asserting “false positives are a problem” : it shows that a headline detection accuracy figure (say, 99% true-positive rate) is close to meaningless on its own without the base rate and the false-positive rate reported alongside it, and it is exactly the kind of quantity a vendor claim can omit while still being technically accurate.

Read the equation in its article →

For background, read the article’s source list.

Return to How AI and Cybersecurity Actually Work

Browse the mathematical compendium →