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Equation 32 · How a Model Actually Gets Small Enough to Run on a Phone

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ss

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ss

Symbol s

the scale.

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so halving the number of bits, which roughly doubles s at fixed range, roughly quadruples the expected squared error per weight. That is why INT8 is usually described as close to free and INT4 is not: the error a network has to absorb does not grow gently as bits are removed, it grows quadratically in the step size, and every bit below eight is removed from an already-narrow budget.

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