Equation 1 · God Plays Dice, and Evolution Loads Them
What does this equation mean?
Read the formula alongside the article passage below. Each part has a deeper page with its role in the equation, the supporting passage and nearby citations.
This equation states a bound: one expression must stay on the indicated side of the other under the article’s assumptions. Read the equation part by part below; each part has a contextual explanation and a link to its mathematical background.
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Symbol S
S is part of the quantity the equation computes from the expression on the right.
Symbol E
E is one of the signed contributions combined to compute the quantity on the left.
Symbol a
a is one of the signed contributions combined to compute the quantity on the left.
Symbol b
b is one of the signed contributions combined to compute the quantity on the left.
=
The expressions on both sides represent the same quantity under the stated assumptions.
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Subtract the following term or group from the preceding one. A leading minus marks a negative quantity.
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What the article says around this equation
EPR’s paper stayed a philosophical argument until 1964, when John Bell showed it could be turned into an experiment [ 3 ] . Bell proved that any theory obeying both locality — no faster-than-light influence — and realism, in the sense of outcomes fixed by pre-existing local properties, must satisfy a statistical bound. For a simple two-setting test, . holds for any local realist theory, while quantum mechanics allows S up to 2 2.83 . Early experimental violations left the detection loophole (too many unmeasured particles to rule out a biased subsample) and the locality loophole (stations not separated fast and far enough to exclude a hidden signal) open to…
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EPR’s paper stayed a philosophical argument until 1964, when John Bell showed it could be turned into an experiment [ 3 ] . Bell proved that any theory obeying both locality — no faster-than-light influence — and realism, in the sense of outcomes fixed by pre-existing local properties, must satisfy a statistical bound. For a simple two-setting test, . holds for any local realist theory, while quantum mechanics allows S up to 2 2.83 . Early experimental violations left the detection loophole (too many unmeasured particles to rule out a biased subsample) and the locality loophole (stations not separated fast and far enough to exclude a hidden signal) open to a committed skeptic.
Sources cited in the surrounding passage
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