← All parts of this equation

Equation 12 · Part 1 · From Origins to Frontier: A History of Particle Physics Beyond the Standard Model

Symbol c^2

c2c^2
c2c^2

What this part means

The square of c: multiply c by itself.

Its job in the formula

c2c^2 is squared: multiply the underlying quantity by itself. The square is a mathematical operation, not a second independent variable.

The passage around this formula

…in 2023, found no significant excess of nuclear-recoil events in its blinded analysis and set an upper limit on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon scattering cross-section of 2.58×\times10^{-47}\,cm2\text{cm}^2 for a 28 GeV/ c2c^2 WIMP at 90% confidence, achieved with a background rate roughly five times lower than its XENON1T predecessor [ 8 ] . This is, again, an exclusion, not a disproof: it rules out an increasingly large region of WIMP mass and coupling parameter space, pressing the community toward lighter…

Read this part in the article →

Learn the underlying idea

An exponent tells how a base is used in multiplication. In x³, x is the base and 3 is the exponent: x³ = x × x × x.

Open the illustrated exponents: repeated multiplication and powers guide →

See this notation across published equations →

Sources cited in the surrounding passage

These citations provide research context; check each source for the exact claim it supports.