Equation 6 · Part 11 · From Origins to Frontier: A History of Frontier AI Model Comparisons
superscript
superscript
What this part means
A raised number can be a power. When it is a label or bound, it selects a case or the upper limit of a sum; the formula’s structure distinguishes these uses.
Its job in the formula
A raised mark can be a power or an index. Its position and the surrounding notation determine which.
Full expression→superscript→Article meaning
The passage around this formula
The response, arriving in 2023, was to stop checking against a fixed answer and start recording a preference between two outputs instead. Chatbot Arena built an open platform in which users submit a prompt, receive responses from two anonymized models side by side, and vote for the one they prefer, without knowing which model produced which response; its authors reported collecting more than 240,000 such votes from a broad user base and validated that crowdsourced preferences agreed well with those of a separate panel of expert raters [ 12 ] . Pairwise votes of this kind are naturally converted into a single continuous rating using a Bradley–Terry-style model — the same functional form used…
Learn the underlying idea
An exponent tells how a base is used in multiplication. In x³, x is the base and 3 is the exponent: x³ = x × x × x.
Open the illustrated exponents: repeated multiplication and powers guide →
Sources cited in the surrounding passage
These citations provide research context; check each source for the exact claim it supports.