← All parts of this equation

Equation 3 · Part 1 · From Origins to Frontier: A History of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology

Symbol p

pp
pp

What this part means

the frequency.

Its job in the formula

p is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.

Where the article explains it

For a single locus with two alleles under simple directional selection with selection coefficient s favoring an allele at frequency p , one classical discrete-generation recursion is pt+1p_{t+1} = pt(1+s)1+s pt\frac{p_t(1+s)}{1 + s\,p_t}.

The passage around this formula

for a diploid population starting at allele frequency p . This single expression carries a real consequence: small populations can fix or lose alleles by chance alone, independent of whether those alleles are beneficial, neutral, or mildly deleterious, and the smaller the effective population, the faster that random fixation proceeds. Wright’s “shifting balance” framework, in which small subpopulations explore a rugged fitness landscape partly by drift and partly by selection, remains debated in its strong form, but the underlying mathematics of drift is uncontroversial and became a permanent part of population genetics.

Read this part in the article →

Learn the underlying idea

A variable is a named place for a value. Its letter is a local label: x can mean position in one formula and a data point in another.

Open the illustrated variables: a letter stands for a value guide →

See this notation across published equations →

Sources cited in the article section

These citations provide research context; check each source for the exact claim it supports.