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Equation 5 · Part 3 · From n-Grams to Reasoning Models: A Technical History of the Language Model

Symbol T_x

ci=∑j=1Txαijhj,αij=exp⁡(eij)∑k=1Txexp⁡(eik).c_i = \sum_{j=1}^{T_x} \alpha_{ij} h_j, \qquad \alpha_{ij} = \frac{\exp(e_{ij})}{\sum_{k=1}^{T_x} \exp(e_{ik})}.
TxT_x

What this part means

TxT_x occurs below the fraction bar. The quantity above the bar is divided by this expression; zero is excluded as a denominator.

Its job in the formula

TxT_x occurs below the fraction bar. The quantity above the bar is divided by this expression; zero is excluded as a denominator.

The passage around this formula

Bahdanau, Cho and Bengio proposed letting the decoder search the source for the parts relevant to each output word, rather than reading from a single compressed vector [ 9 ] . The decoder computes, at each output step i , a context vector as a weighted sum of all encoder states: ci=∑j=1Txαijhj,αij=exp⁡(eij)∑k=1Txexp⁡(eik)c_i = \sum_{j=1}^{T_x} \alpha_{ij} h_j, \qquad \alpha_{ij} = \frac{\exp(e_{ij})}{\sum_{k=1}^{T_x} \exp(e_{ik})}. The capacity of the intermediate representation now grows with the input rather than being fixed in advance. They further reported that the learned alignments corresponded well with human linguistic intuition — an interpretability result that arrived free with a performance fix, which is rare.

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