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Equation 2 · Part 5 · Fitness Landscapes and the Limits of the Metaphor

subscript

w(g0)<w(g1)<⋯<w(gL)w(g_0) < w(g_1) < \cdots < w(g_L)
subscript

What this part means

The lower label selects a particular version, component, or indexed member of the quantity. For example, x₀ and xₜ can be values at different positions.

Its job in the formula

A subscript distinguishes a version, component, step, or member of a quantity. It does not automatically mean multiplication.

The passage around this formula

The reason is an ordering constraint. Under the standard assumption that a population moves by fixing one beneficial mutation at a time, a mutational path is accessible only if fitness increases at every single step: w(g0)<w(g1)<⋯<w(gL)w(g_0) < w(g_1) < \cdots < w(g_L). A single step that violates this inequality closes the entire path, regardless of how high the endpoint is. Sign epistasis is exactly the mechanism that produces such steps, and reciprocal sign epistasis — where each of two mutations is deleterious without the other and beneficial with it — is what creates genuinely separated local optima.

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Learn the underlying idea

A subscript is a label attached below a symbol. It often selects a time step, component, category, or member of a sequence.

Open the illustrated subscripts: which member of a family? guide →

Sources cited in the article section

These citations provide research context; check each source for the exact claim it supports.