← All parts of this equation

Equation 42 · Part 1 · Every Crystal Has Its Own Speed of Light

Symbol c_eff

ceffc_{\mathrm{eff}}
ceffc_{\mathrm{eff}}

What this part means

the including.

Its job in the formula

cec_eff is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.

Where the article explains it

A crystal has a ground state and a lattice, and both pick out a rest frame: no continuous symmetry carries the crystal’s description in one inertial frame into its description in another, because the lattice Hamiltonian is manifestly not invariant under a boost at any speed, including ceffc_{\mathrm{eff}} .

The passage around this formula

…frame: no continuous symmetry carries the crystal’s description in one inertial frame into its description in another, because the lattice Hamiltonian is manifestly not invariant under a boost at any speed, including ceffc_{\mathrm{eff}} . Relativity of simultaneity fails along with it outside the linear window, and so does the idea of one universal energy-momentum relation: a crystal has many bands, each with its own dispersion and its own emergent speed, so a magnon, a phonon, and a Dirac electron sharing one…

Read this part in the article →

Learn the underlying idea

A subscript is a label attached below a symbol. It often selects a time step, component, category, or member of a sequence.

Open the illustrated subscripts: which member of a family? guide →

See this notation across published equations →

The article lists its research sources here.