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Equation 8 · Part 1 · Ecological Rationality: When Biases Are Adaptations

Symbol c_fa

cfac_{fa}
cfac_{fa}

What this part means

the fitness cost of a false alarm.

Its job in the formula

cfc_fa is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.

Where the article explains it

Where cfac_{fa} is the fitness cost of a false alarm and cmissc_{miss} is the fitness cost of a miss, the threshold that minimizes total expected fitness cost is to infer H whenever: P(D∣H)P(D∣¬H)\frac{P(D \mid H)}{P(D \mid \lnot H)} \; > \; P(¬H)P(H)\frac{P(\lnot H)}{P(H)} ⋅\cdot cfacmiss\frac{c_{fa}}{c_{miss}} When the two error costs are equal, the cost ratio on the right collapses to one, and the rule reduces to the ordinary Bayesian classifier that a norm blind to consequences would prescribe — the classical, “unbiased” threshold heuristics-and-biases research uses as its comparison point.

The passage around this formula

…research uses as its comparison point. Error management theory’s substantive claim is that this special case almost never held over evolutionary history for fitness-relevant judgments: whenever cmissc_{miss} exceeds cfac_{fa} , the right-hand side falls below one, and the cost-minimizing rule requires inferring H even when the raw likelihood ratio is unfavorable to it, which looks, from the classical vantage point, exactly like a bias. Haselton and Buss’s original 2000 paper tested a specific instance of this…

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Sources cited in the surrounding passage

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