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Equation 2 · Part 14 · Comparing the Main Approaches to Particle Physics Beyond the Standard Model

Starting index or lower bound: i

LSMEFT=LSM+∑iciΛ2Oi(6)+O ⁣(1Λ4)\mathcal{L}_{\text{SMEFT}} = \mathcal{L}_{\text{SM}} + \sum_i \frac{c_i}{\Lambda^{2}} \mathcal{O}_i^{(6)} + \mathcal{O}\!\left(\frac{1}{\Lambda^{4}}\right)
ii

What this part means

This label says where the repeated addition, multiplication, or accumulation starts. Read its value or condition together with the article’s description of the index.

Its job in the formula

i occurs above the fraction bar. The numerator is divided by the entire denominator below it.

The passage around this formula

SMEFT occupies a different position in this comparison because it is not competing to be the correct underlying theory — it is a bookkeeping framework for any underlying theory heavy enough to not yet have been produced directly. Concretely, SMEFT adds effective operators to the Standard Model Lagrangian, each suppressed by powers of an energy scale Λ\Lambda representing the mass of whatever new particles generate it: LSMEFT=LSM+∑iciΛ2Oi(6)+O ⁣(1Λ4)\mathcal{L}_{\text{SMEFT}} = \mathcal{L}_{\text{SM}} + \sum_i \frac{c_i}{\Lambda^{2}} \mathcal{O}_i^{(6)} + \mathcal{O}\!\left(\frac{1}{\Lambda^{4}}\right). where each Oi(6)\mathcal{O}_i^{(6)} is a dimension-six operator built from Standard Model fields and cic_i is a dimensionless Wilson coefficient set by the details of the underlying theory. This notation is worth showing because it makes the comparison’s real…

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Σ adds a collection of terms. Π multiplies them. The lower and upper labels tell you which terms belong to the collection.

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