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Equation 1 · Part 5 · Comparing the Main Approaches to AI Agent Architecture

Symbol h_t

at∼πθ(a∣o≤t, ht, g),a_t \sim \pi_\theta(a \mid o_{\le t},\ h_t,\ g),
hth_t

What this part means

whatever state the system has chosen to retain.

Its job in the formula

hth_t is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.

Where the article explains it

where o≤to_{\le t} is the observation history, hth_t is whatever state the system has chosen to retain, and g is the task goal.

The passage around this formula

…not of the world as it actually is, and the two can silently diverge [ 11 ] . Write the general shape once, for a single decision-maker at a single step: at∼πθ(a∣o≤t, ht, g)a_t \sim \pi_\theta(a \mid o_{\le t},\ h_t,\ g). where o≤to_{\le t} is the observation history, hth_t is whatever state the system has chosen to retain, and g is the task goal. Nothing here is specific to language models; it is the generic shape of a controller. What actually distinguishes the four patterns below is not this equation but what each one does with hth_t : whether it is one growing…

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Learn the underlying idea

A subscript is a label attached below a symbol. It often selects a time step, component, category, or member of a sequence.

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Sources cited in the surrounding passage

These citations provide research context; check each source for the exact claim it supports.