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Equation 14 · Part 3 · Naive, Graph, and Agentic: A Systems Comparison of RAG Architectures

Symbol R

RRF(d)=∑r∈R1k+r(d),\mathrm{RRF}(d) = \sum_{r \in R} \frac{1}{k + r(d)},
RR

What this part means

R appears in the bound of this sum. The bound states where the repeated operation starts, ends, or which values it includes.

Its job in the formula

R appears in the bound of this sum. The bound states where the repeated operation starts, ends, or which values it includes.

The passage around this formula

…rank fusion, which Cormack and colleagues introduced and showed outperforming both individual rankers and a Condorcet-style combination, ignores raw scores entirely and combines rank positions across retrievers R with a smoothing constant k , RRF(d)=∑r∈R1k+r(d)\mathrm{RRF}(d) = \sum_{r \in R} \frac{1}{k + r(d)}. sidestepping the problem that a BM25 score and a cosine similarity are not directly comparable quantities [ 3 ] . A reranking stage — typically a cross-encoder scoring each retrieved candidate jointly with the query — can then sit downstream of…

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A variable is a named place for a value. Its letter is a local label: x can mean position in one formula and a data point in another.

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