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Equation 8 · Part 1 · Cognitive Bias Was the Label; Attention Sink Is the Suspect

Symbol z

z≈7.75z \approx 7.75
zz

What this part means

z is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.

Its job in the formula

z is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.

The passage around this formula

​ ≈ 0.0086 , well under one percentage point. The paper’s own forty-percent threshold sits 0.40 - 0.3333 ≈\approx 0.0667 above that null mean, which is z ≈\approx 7.75 standard deviations out — a one-sided tail probability, by the normal approximation to the binomial (valid here since np0(1−p0)p_0(1-p_0) ≈\approx 667 , far above the usual rule-of-thumb minimum), of roughly 4.7 ×\times 10^{-15} . At three thousand trials per dataset, in other words, a…

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Sources cited in the article section

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