← All parts of this equation

Equation 6 · Part 7 · Cognitive Bias Was the Label; Attention Sink Is the Suspect

subscript

σ=p0(1−p0)/n≈0.0086\sigma = \sqrt{p_0(1-p_0)/n} \approx 0.0086
subscript

What this part means

The lower label selects a particular version, component, or indexed member of the quantity. For example, x₀ and xₜ can be values at different positions.

Its job in the formula

A subscript distinguishes a version, component, step, or member of a quantity. It does not automatically mean multiplication.

The passage around this formula

A skeptical reader’s first move should be to ask whether that headline number could be sampling noise dressed up by a generous threshold. It is worth actually running that check rather than asserting an answer to it. Under a null model in which a classifier’s selections are entirely independent of label position — no cognitive bias, no architectural quirk, nothing but content — the expected share of selections landing in any one third of an evenly split label list is p0p_0 = 1/3 , and with n = 3000 independent trials per dataset the standard deviation of that observed share is σ\sigma = p0(1−p0)/n\sqrt{p_0(1-p_0)/n} ≈\approx 0.0086 , well under one percentage point. The paper’s own forty-percent threshold…

Read this part in the article →

Learn the underlying idea

A subscript is a label attached below a symbol. It often selects a time step, component, category, or member of a sequence.

Open the illustrated subscripts: which member of a family? guide →

Sources cited in the article section

These citations provide research context; check each source for the exact claim it supports.