Equation 17 · Part 2 · Cognitive Bias Was the Label; Attention Sink Is the Suspect
superscript
superscript
What this part means
A raised number can be a power. When it is a label or bound, it selects a case or the upper limit of a sum; the formula’s structure distinguishes these uses.
Its job in the formula
A raised mark can be a power or an index. Its position and the surrounding notation determine which.
Full expression→superscript→Article meaning
The passage around this formula
It should not be read alone. The companion regressions for the middle and recency effects, reported directly beside it in the same appendix table set, show a different and more telling pattern. The middle-effect regression reports a Model T5 coefficient of -6.2258 carrying a standard error of 3.19 10^{4} , and a Model Llama2 coefficient of -7.5794 carrying a standard error of 1.07 10^{4} — standard errors between one and five thousand times the size of the coefficients they attach to. That ratio is not statistical noise; it is the textbook signature of quasi-complete separation, the condition in which a logistic regression’s maximum-likelihood estimate fails to converge because…
Learn the underlying idea
An exponent tells how a base is used in multiplication. In x³, x is the base and 3 is the exponent: x³ = x × x × x.
Open the illustrated exponents: repeated multiplication and powers guide →
Sources cited in the surrounding passage
These citations provide research context; check each source for the exact claim it supports.