← All parts of this equation

Equation 1 · Part 3 · Claude, From First Principles: Training, Constitutional Methods, and What Actually Shapes a Response

Symbol D

Cpre≈6ND,C_{\mathrm{pre}} \approx 6ND,
DD

What this part means

the number of training tokens, the factor of six accounting for the forward and backward pass together.

Its job in the formula

D is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.

Where the article explains it

where N is the parameter count and D is the number of training tokens, the factor of six accounting for the forward and backward pass together.

The passage around this formula

…what any particular operator wants done with it. Two variables set the price of that prior. Pretraining compute for a dense transformer is well approximated by Cpre≈6NDC_{\mathrm{pre}} \approx 6ND. where N is the parameter count and D is the number of training tokens, the factor of six accounting for the forward and backward pass together. Kaplan and colleagues showed empirically that test loss falls as a power law in each of N , D , and compute across many orders of magnitude, with a functional form that includes an…

Read this part in the article →

Learn the underlying idea

A variable is a named place for a value. Its letter is a local label: x can mean position in one formula and a data point in another.

Open the illustrated variables: a letter stands for a value guide →

See this notation across published equations →

Sources cited in the surrounding passage

These citations provide research context; check each source for the exact claim it supports.