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Equation 1 · Part 2 · AI Agent Architecture in 2035: Four Scenarios, Their Signals, and What Would Falsify Them

Symbol a

p(a)p(a)
aa

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a is a part of this expression. Its role is fixed by the surrounding article and by the operations shown in the formula.

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Whether human-approval checkpoints become automated and statistical is, likewise, mostly a readout of Axis B rather than a genuinely separate question. A useful way to see the dependency is to write the automation decision as a threshold rule. Let p(a) be a certified upper bound on the probability that action a violates its specification, and let S(a) be a severity score for the consequence class a belongs to. A natural rule an organization or regulator could adopt is

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