Equation 9 · Part 5 · Adapters, Native Pretraining, and Unified Tokens: The Main Multimodal Architectures, Compared

Symbol z_t

\mathcal{L}_{\text{seq}} = -\sum_{t=1}^{T} \log p_\theta\!\left(z_t \mid z_{<t}\right), \qquad z_t \in \{0, 1, \dots, V-1\}

z_t

What this part means

allowed to denote.

Its job in the formula

$z_t$ is one of the signed contributions combined to compute the quantity on the left.

Full expressionSymbol z_tArticle meaning

Where the article explains it

The same cross-entropy objective a text-only language model uses is the entire training objective here — the only thing that changed is what $z_t$ is allowed to denote.

The passage around this formula

…text-to-image generation and entity-linking without task-specific heads [ 8 ] . The same cross-entropy objective a text-only language model uses is the entire training objective here — the only thing that changed is what $z_t$ is allowed to denote. Whether index $z_t$ names a subword, a 16-by-16 image patch code, or a discretised robot joint angle is invisible to the loss function; the difficulty this section documents is not in the objective but in keeping training numerically stable once the vocabulary spans…

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Learn the underlying idea

A subscript is a label attached below a symbol. It often selects a time step, component, category, or member of a sequence.

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Sources cited in the surrounding passage

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