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Equation 1 · Part 7 · Adapters, Native Pretraining, and Unified Tokens: The Main Multimodal Architectures, Compared

=

θ(t+1)=θ(t)−η⋅1 ⁣[θ∈θbridge]⊙∇θ L(θ(t))\theta^{(t+1)} = \theta^{(t)} - \eta \cdot \mathbb{1}\!\left[\theta \in \theta_{\text{bridge}}\right] \odot \nabla_\theta \, \mathcal{L}(\theta^{(t)})
=

What this part means

The expressions on both sides represent the same quantity under the stated assumptions.

Its job in the formula

The equals sign connects the complete expression on the left with the complete expression on the right. Both sides must have compatible units.

The passage around this formula

None of these three papers claims the resulting bridge is unlimited in what it can carry. LLaVA’s own error analysis documents a case where the model answers confidently that strawberry-flavoured yoghurt is present in a fridge that in fact contains only yoghurt and strawberries, which the authors read as the model treating the image “as a bag of patches, failing to grasp the complex semantics within the image” [ 1 ] , and they separately note that recognising a specific product brand would require higher input resolution than the system uses. The bridge has a fixed information-carrying capacity, whether it is BLIP-2’s small set of learned query vectors or LLaVA’s single projection matrix,…

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Learn the underlying idea

An equals sign says that the expression on its left and the expression on its right have the same value under the stated definitions and assumptions.

Open the illustrated equality: what the equals sign claims guide →

Sources cited in the surrounding passage

These citations provide research context; check each source for the exact claim it supports.