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Equation 8 · Part 2 · From BM25 to Agentic Retrieval: A History of Retrieval-Augmented Generation

Symbol Q

score(D,Q)=∑qi∈QIDF(qi)⋅f(qi,D)⋅(k1+1)f(qi,D)+k1⋅(1−b+b⋅∣D∣avgdl),\mathrm{score}(D, Q) = \sum_{q_i \in Q} \mathrm{IDF}(q_i) \cdot \frac{f(q_i, D) \cdot (k_1 + 1)}{f(q_i, D) + k_1 \cdot \left(1 - b + b \cdot \dfrac{|D|}{\mathrm{avgdl}}\right)},
QQ

What this part means

Q appears in the bound of this sum. The bound states where the repeated operation starts, ends, or which values it includes.

Its job in the formula

Q appears in the bound of this sum. The bound states where the repeated operation starts, ends, or which values it includes.

The passage around this formula

…scoring function that the field came to call BM25 — “Best Match 25,” after its position in a numbered sequence of variants the group had tried. Written in its now-standard form, a document D scores against a query Q as score(D,Q)=∑qi∈QIDF(qi)⋅f(qi,D)⋅(k1+1)f(qi,D)+k1⋅(1−b+b⋅∣D∣avgdl)\mathrm{score}(D, Q) = \sum_{q_i \in Q} \mathrm{IDF}(q_i) \cdot \frac{f(q_i, D) \cdot (k_1 + 1)}{f(q_i, D) + k_1 \cdot \left(1 - b + b \cdot \dfrac{|D|}{\mathrm{avgdl}}\right)}. where f(qiq_i, D) is the frequency of query term qiq_i in D , |D| is the document’s length, avgdl\mathrm{avgdl} is the average document length in the collection, and k1k_1 and b are tuned constants controlling term-frequency saturation and length normalization respectively. The…

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