Equation 3 · Part 2 · A History of Multimodal AI
subscript
subscript
What this part means
The lower label selects a particular version, component, or indexed member of the quantity. For example, x₀ and xₜ can be values at different positions.
Its job in the formula
A subscript distinguishes a version, component, step, or member of a quantity. It does not automatically mean multiplication.
Full expression→subscript→Article meaning
The passage around this formula
Radford and colleagues’ 2021 paper, “Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervision,” is usually remembered simply as CLIP, and the compression loses the specific thing that made it a turning point rather than an incremental improvement. The method itself is not exotic: encode an image, encode its paired caption, and train both encoders so that the true pairing scores higher than every mismatched pairing drawn from the same batch. For a batch of B image-text pairs with normalised image embedding , text embedding , and a learned temperature , the symmetric form of the objective is
Learn the underlying idea
A subscript is a label attached below a symbol. It often selects a time step, component, category, or member of a sequence.
Open the illustrated subscripts: which member of a family? guide →
Sources cited in the article section
These citations provide research context; check each source for the exact claim it supports.