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Equation 70 · Part 2 · A Horizon Is a Toll Booth, Not a Loophole

superscript

106 g10^6\,g
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What this part means

A raised number can be a power. When it is a label or bound, it selects a case or the upper limit of a sum; the formula’s structure distinguishes these uses.

Its job in the formula

A raised mark can be a power or an index. Its position and the surrounding notation determine which.

The passage around this formula

To make this concrete rather than asymptotic, take the mass of Sagittarius A* as measured by the Event Horizon Telescope, M≈\approx4×\times10^6\,M⊙M_\odot , giving a Schwarzschild radius rsr_s≈\approx1.18×\times10^{10}\,m\mathrm m and a horizon-scale acceleration factor GM/rs2r_s^2≈\approx3.80×\times10^{6}\,m s−2\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}} [ 14 ] . At a clearance of just one kilometer above the horizon — a distance smaller than a millionth of the horizon’s own radius — f≈\approx8.46×\times10^{-8} and the required proper acceleration is already a≈\approx1.3×\times10^{10}\,m s−2\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}} , more than a billion Earth gravities. Even at a clearance of 1.8×\times10^6\,km\mathrm{km} — about fifteen percent of the horizon’s own…

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Learn the underlying idea

An exponent tells how a base is used in multiplication. In x³, x is the base and 3 is the exponent: x³ = x × x × x.

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Sources cited in the surrounding passage

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