Equation 13 · Part 4 · A Horizon Is a Toll Booth, Not a Loophole

subtraction

2(\langle H\rangle-E_0)/\pi\hbar

subtraction

What this part means

Subtract the following term or group from the preceding one. A leading minus marks a negative quantity.

Its job in the formula

Subtract the following term or group from the preceding one. A leading minus marks a negative quantity.

Full expressionsubtractionArticle meaning

The passage around this formula

where $\langle$ H $\rangle$ is the mean energy in the evolving state and $E_0$ is the ground-state energy of H [ 2 , 1 ] . Inverting this gives a maximum rate of orthogonal state changes per unit proper time, 2( $\langle$ H $\rangle$ - $E_0$ )/ $\pi$ $\hbar$ , and Giovannetti, Lloyd, and Maccone showed that for a periodic evolution this rate integrates cleanly: a system with mean energy $\langle$ H $\rangle$ - $E_0$ above its ground state can pass through at most

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Learn the underlying idea

Addition combines quantities; subtraction measures the signed difference between them. Parentheses show what is combined before the rest of the expression is evaluated.

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Sources cited in the article section

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